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Hayden-Murdock Memorial Forest |
By
Briana Bizier
Have
you ever looked at a stretch of forest along the shore of one of our beautiful
lakes and wondered how long it would remain undeveloped?
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This tree was removed because it showed signs of damage. |
For
the Hayden-Murdock Memorial
Forest
on Panther Pond, the answer is forever. Owned by the Maine Woodland Owners as a
land trust, this 100-acre parcel on Panther Pond is a working forest managed
sustainably by the forestry company Timberstate G. to encourage tree health and
growth. The Maine Woodland Owners currently own more than 5,000 acres of land,
all of which is open to the public, sustainably managed and permanently
protected from development. Although they are a non-profit organization, the
Maine Woodland Owners chooses to pay property taxes out of the proceeds of
their timber management.
This
forest property contains 1,000 feet of lake frontage which will never be
developed, and the entire acreage is open to the public for hiking, hunting, or
nature walks. The property is also crossed by an existing snowmobile trail for
winter access to the woods.
On
a recent beautiful, sunny Wednesday, Greg Foster of Timberstate G. gave me a
tour of the property to explain how sustainable forestry works. In the 1800s,
the lot which eventually became the Hayden-Murdock forest was a sheep farm. As Foster
and I walked through the woods, we found several crumbling rock walls, evidence
of the land’s past as a working farm. The sheep fields reverted to
forest in the 1920s, and the land was donated to the Maine Woodland Owners in
October of 2000.
Since then, the Maine Woodland Owners has held several
meetings and demonstrations on the property, including inviting members of the
Portland Water District to discuss past and future forest management and its
impact on the watershed.
“The
objectives of long-term forestry are very compatible with long term
environmental goals,” Foster said as we began our walk in the woods.
Sustainable
forestry, he explained, involves a careful inspection of every single tree on
the lot. The larger trees are the most profitable, but size isn’t the
only concern when a forester marks a tree for cutting. On the Hayden-Murdock
acreage, the current timber harvest is being managed for maximum sustainability.
This means any tree which shows signs of insect damage, disease, or rot is
removed, even though those trees are not the most valuable. Clearing those
trees, Foster explained, opens the forest to more sunlight and air flow.
“Sunlight
is the only thing we can control,” he told me. Removing the larger trees allows
more sunlight to penetrate the canopy and reach the forest floor, encouraging
the growth of the most valuable tree in the forest: white pine.
Maine’s
famous white pine has been highly valued since the 1600s, when it was used for
the masts of the great ships of England’s Royal Navy. Many of the original
white pines in Maine were marked with “The King’s Broad Arrow,” a pattern of
three hatchet slashes forming an arrow pointed toward England. It was illegal
to cut a white pine with the King’s Arrow, a law which fueled the simmering
resentment toward England which eventually boiled over and created an
independent United States.
These
days, foresters use bright orange spray paint instead of hatchet marks to
indicate which trees will be removed from a forest. As we walked through an
area of forest which had been logged several days earlier, I was surprised to
note how many large white pines remained standing.
“We’re
doing what’s right for the forest,” Foster explained, “and leaving the best
quality trees.”
The
hemlock, white pine, and hardwood trees taken from this plot of woods will
travel all over New England. The largest and highest quality wood will be sold
to lumber yards, where it is destined to become boards, furniture, decorative
trim, or even tongue and groove planks. The tops of the trees, which tend to be
smaller and knottier, become pulp logs for paper mills, or are processed into
wood chips and sold to mills or power plants to generate electricity. Remaining
tree limbs are returned to the forest, where they will decompose naturally.
“If
a landowner can get good returns on selling timber, they’re a lot less likely
to sell their land for development,” Foster said. “The forest is like an
investment. You can’t have a better long-term investment than high quality
fiber from a forest.”
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Lily the forestry dog on a recently felled white pine |
This
acreage, Foster elaborated, will probably be logged every fifteen or twenty
years. Cory Jordan of Jordan Tree Removal, the loggers who are currently
removing trees in the forest with high tech machines like feller bunchers,
explained that he and Foster had logged the Hayden-Murdock Memorial Forest
fifteen years ago.
“There
was a lot more rotten pine then,” Jordan said, explaining how the sustainable
forestry practices of fifteen years ago had led to healthier trees for this
harvest.
I
noted that sustainable forestry was a bit like farming, only on a very large
time scale. Jordan laughed.
“Instead
of a ninety-day crop, we’ve got a ninety-year crop,” he said.
As
Foster and I walked through sections of forest which were marked for logging
and sections holding stacks of trees that had just been felled, chickadees
flitted over our heads and an enormous pileated woodpecker flew between the
trees. Foster explained Maine state regulations recommend foresters leave one
standing tree per acre to remain as a “wildlife tree,” although his
practices of thinning the forest to maximize white pines left significantly
more than one tree per acre.
I
also noticed many white pine saplings lining the forest floor. Some of those
trees barely reached my knees, and some were almost as tall as me. Foster
explained that white pine seeds germinate quickly after a logging operation,
especially along the trails which have been disturbed by logging equipment.
He
told me the saplings which now reach my shoulders may be ready to harvest in a
hundred years.
We
won’t be around to see them when they are harvested, but the
Hayden-Murdock Memorial Forest will remain a forest for the next hundred years,
open to the public and echoing with the sounds of chickadees and woodpeckers as
the white pines stretch toward the sun.